Pesticide exposure and health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina / Exposición a plaguicidas y condiciones de salud de agroaplicadores terrestres de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina / Exposição aos agrotóxicos e condições de saúde dos aplicadores de pesticidas da Província de Córdoba, Argentina

Agricultural workers represent a population that is highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. This cross sectional study aimed to describe the health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina, their work practices and socio-demographic characteristics, by means of a standardized self-administered questionnaire (n = 880). A descriptive analysis reported a high prevalence of occasional or frequent symptoms: 47.4% had symptoms of irritation, 35.5% fatigue, 40.4% headache and 27.6% nervousness or depression. Using logistic regression models, risk and protective factors were found for symptoms of irritation, medical consultation and hospitalization. Among the occupational exposure variables, marital status, length of time in the job, low level of protection with regard to the use of personal protective equipment, combined use of different pesticides and the application of the insecticide endosulfan, were associated with a higher frequency of reported symptoms and higher consultation rates and hospitalization.

Los trabajadores agrícolas son una población altamente vulnerable a los efectos tóxicos de la exposición a plaguicidas. Con el objetivo de describir las condiciones de salud de agroaplicadores terrestres de plaguicidas de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, sus prácticas laborales y características sociodemográficas, se realizó un estudio transversal, mediante cuestionario (n = 880). Un análisis descriptivo reportó alta prevalencia de sintomatología ocasional o frecuente: 47,4% síntomas irritativos, 35,5% cansancio, 40,4% cefalea y 27,6% ansiedad o depresión. Mediante modelos logísticos se detectaron factores protectores y de riesgo que explican la presencia de síntomas irritativos, la consulta médica y la hospitalización. El estado civil, la antigüedad en la tarea, el nivel de protección considerando uso de equipo de protección personal, la exposición múltiple a plaguicidas y la aplicación del insecticida endosulfán, se asociaron a mayor frecuencia de reporte de síntomas, consultas médicas y hospitalizaciones por causas relacionadas con la exposición a plaguicidas.

Os trabalhadores agrícolas são uma população altamente vulnerável aos efeitos tóxicos da exposição a pesticidas. Este estudo transversal teve o objetivo de descrever as condições de saúde de aplicadores terrestres de pesticidas da Província de Córdoba, Argentina, suas práticas de trabalho e características sociodemográficas, por meio de um questionário padronizado autoadministrado (n = 880). A análise descritiva relatou alta prevalência de sintomas ocasionais ou frequentes: 47,4% sintomas irritativos, 35,5% fadiga, 40,4% dor de cabeça e 27,6% ansiedade ou depressão. Mediante modelos logísticos foram detectados os fatores protetores e do risco que explicam a presença de sintomas irritativos, consulta médica e hospitalização. O estado civil, anos de trabalho, o nível de proteção considerando o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, a exposição a vários pesticidas e aplicação do inseticida endosulfan, foram associados com maior frequência de sintomas, consultas médicas e hospitalização por causas relacionadas à exposição ao agrotóxico.

Análise das frequências dos grupos alélicos e haplótipos HLA -A*, -B* e -DRB1* por cor/raça e regionalidade do Brasil em uma amostra do Registro Brasileiro de Doadores Voluntários de Medula Óssea (REDOME) / [Analysis of the frequencies of allele groups and HLA -A *, -B * and -DRB1 * haplotypes by color / race and regionality of Brazil in a sample from the Brazilian Registry of Bone Marrow Donors (REDOME)]

Para melhorar a assistência aos pacientes que estão em lista de espera para um transplante de medula óssea de um doador não aparentado, é importante caracterizar geneticamente os doadores voluntários de medula óssea que são recrutados pelo REDOME e suas diferenças regionais. O objetivo é descrever as frequências alélicas e haplótipos de HLAA, HLA-B e HLA-DRB1 em todas as regiões do Brasil, assim como por cor/raça usando o banco de dados do REDOME. Esse estudo é composto pela análise de 3.038.286 indivíduos. As frequências dos grupos alélicos HLA e haplótipos foram estimados pelo algoritmo EM. As distâncias genéticas de Nei para cada combinação de amostras também foram calculadas usando as frequências de haplótipos. Todos os grupos alélicos para HLA-A, -B e -DRB1 foram identificados neste estudo. HLA-A*02 (25,9%), HLA-B*35 (11,83%) e HLA-DRB1*13 (13,4%) compreendem os grupos de alelos mais frequentes no REDOME e A*01-B*08-DRB1*03 é o haplótipo mais frequente (2,19%) em nossas amostras. Foi observado através de distâncias genéticas que existem diferenças entre regiões do Brasil e entre os grupos de cor/raça e formações de aglomerados que compartilham semelhanças quando são considerados as frequências de haplótipos. Os resultados relatados aqui são as primeiras análises detalhadas do polimorfismo dos três loci HLA-A*, HLA-B* e HLA-DRB1* na população brasileira. Os dados dos grupos alélicos e das frequências de haplótipos obtidos neste estudo são relevantes para facilitar a pesquisa de doador não-aparentado compatível e pode ser útil para o planejamento nacional de recrutamento de doadores

To improve assistance for patients who are on a waiting list for a bone marrow transplant from an unrelated donor, it is important to genetically characterize the volunteer bone marrow donors that are recruited by REDOME and their regional differences. The objective is todescribe the allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 in all Regions of Brazil as well as by its color/race groups using REDOME data set. This study consists of the analysis of 3.038.286 individuals. HLA allelic groups and haplotypesfrequencies were estimated by EM algorithm. Pairwise Nei’s genetic distance for each population combination were also calculated using haplotype frequencies. All allelic groups for HLA-A* HLA-B* HLA-DRB1 were identified in this study. HLA-A*02 (25,9%), HLA-B*35 (11,83%) and HLA-DRB1*13 (13,4%) comprise the most frequent allelic groups in REDOMEand A*01-B*08-DRB1*03 is the most frequent haplotype (2,19%). It was observed through genetic distances that there are differences between regions and race/ethnic groups andformations of clusters that share similarities when considering haplotype frequencies. The results reported here are the first detailed analyses of three loci HLA-A*, HLA-B* e HLADRB1*polymorphisms in Brazilian population. The allelic groups and haplotype frequency data obtained in this study are relevant to facilitate searching for unrelated matched donor and could be helpful for national donor recruitment planning

Immunogenicity of HLA-DR1 restricted peptides derived from leishmania major gp63 using FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mouse model

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub- tropical countries. In the present study the immunogenicity of three human HLA-DR1 restricted peptides derived from L. major gp63 protein was evaluated using FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mouse model. The immunity generated by three MHC class II - restricted peptides with the sequence of AARLVRLAAAGAAVT [AAR], AAPLVRLAAAGAAVT [AAP] and SRYDQLVTRVVTHE [ASR] derived from L. major gp63 protein were predicted using a web-based software [SYFPEITHI] and tested in FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mice. Immunization of FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mice with one of the three predicted peptides [AAR] resulted in high levels of Th1-type immune response as well as significant levels of IFN-gamma detected by Proliferation assay and ELISA. The results indicate a high level of immunogenicity for AAR, which can be a potent candidate for peptide vaccine in Leishmania infections.

Association of some HLA-DRB1 antigens with echinococcus granulosus specific humoral immune response

In this study, an ELISA system using crude camel hydatid fluid antigen was used to detect specific IgG and IgG1 in the sera of 35 cystic echinococcosis [CE] patients, in whom the distribution of class II HLA-DR3 anti HLA-DR11 was determined. The recorded sensitivities were 88.6% and 94.35% for IgG and IgG1, respectively. In patients with a high humoral immune response, a statistically highly significant increased frequency of HLA-DR3 was recorded for IgG with a high relative risk value [RR = 3.2] and a reasonable etiologic fraction [EF = 0.3], while HLA-DR11 recorded RR = 2.6 and EF = 0.2. For IgG1, both antigens showed a significant increased frequency [RR = 2.95 and 2.79, respectively, and EF = 0.28 and 0.23, respectively]. HLA-DR3 was highly significantly associated with complicated cases [RR = 4.36 and EF = 0.4], in whom the mean antibody units for both IgG and IgG1 were significantly raised. It was advisable to rely on IgG1 for the diagnosis of CE and to consider the genetic disposition of the patient as an important criterion in the outcome of infection

Polimorfismo de los alelos de los antígenos de leucocitos humanos HLA-DRB1 y su asociación con la artritis reumatoidea juvenil en una muestra de niños mestizos colombianos / Polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DRB1) allelles and their association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a group of Colombian mestizo children

Se buscó tipificar molecularmente los alelos de los antígenos de leucocitos humanos HLADRB1 en un grupo de niños mestizos colombianos (población resultante de la mezcla genética de amerindios, europeos y africanos) con artritis reumatoidea juvenil (ARJ), así como analizar su frecuencia de expresión y compararla con sujetos clínicamente normales e investigar la asociación entre la frecuencia de los alelos con los diferentes subgrupos clínicos de ARJ. El estudio involucró 65 pacientes con ARJ y 65 controles sanos. La tipificación de los alelos HLADRB1 se realizó por medio de la metodología de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con sondas de oligonucleótidos de secuencias específicas (PCR-SSOP), utilizando el protocolo recomendado por el XII International Histocompatibilty Workshop, realizado en St. Malo, París, en 1996. Los alelos HLADRB1* 1104 (prueba exacta de Fisher, PEF)0,013, OR16,79, frecuencia etiológica (FE)0,93) y DRB1*1602 (PEF0,016, OR8,98, FE0,88) se evidenciaron como marcadores de susceptibilidad. HLA-DRB1*1501 (FP0,466; p0,005) y HLA DRB1*1402 (FP0,49; p0,009) se comportaron como alelos asociados con protección. Al comparar las asociaciones entre alelos y los diferentes subgrupos clínicos se encontró asociación entre ARJ oligoarticular con HLA-DRB1* 1104 ( p0,0034, OR41,53 , FE0,97), la ARJ poliarticular se asoció con el alelo HLADRB1* 0404 ( p0,012, OR8,75, FE0,88 ) y en el grupo sistémico, el alelo más expresado fue el HLA-DRB1*1602 ( p0,005, OR21,33, FE0,95). La presencia de factor reumatoide estuvo asociado con los alelos HLA-DRB1*0407 ( p0,05, OR11,2, FE0,45) y HLA-DRB1*1302 ( p0,02, OR22,8, FE0,63). En el grupo de pacientes con ANA+, sólo hubo significancia estadística para el alelo HLA-DRB1* 0701 ( p0,001, OR58, FE0,73). Nuestros resultados sugieren que los genes del MHC en este subgrupo étnico inciden no sólo en la susceptibilidad a desarrollar ARJ sino también en la expresión clínica de la enfermedad.

T cell Proliferative Response to Type II collagen is related to Inflammatory Process and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 대한류마티스학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of T cell responses to type II collagen (CII) in disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: T cell proliferative responses to bovine CII by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from early RA patients (duration or =2) had higher levels of CRP and ESR than those (n=21) not showing T cell responses. The number of damaged joints (by Steinbrocker's method) and damaged joint scores (by Sharp's method) were significantly higher in patients with positive T cell responses than in those without. The joint space narrowing scores correlated well with T cell responsiveness to CII. Patients (n=15) with both positive T cell responses and RA-susceptible allotypes, HLA-DR1 or DR4, had greater damaged joint scores than the rest of patients (n=24). CONCLUSION: T cell proliferative responses to CII are associated with inflammatory activity and radiographic severity in RA. Our data suggest that CII reactive T cells may play an important role in the pathogenic process of joint damage.

HIA-class II gene polymorphism in IDDM

Susceptibility to develop IDDM was first found to be associated with class I molecules B8 and B15. Later, DR and DQ allelic genotypes have drawn attention world over to link their role with IDDM pathogenesis to find out the correlation between the frequency of HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQBl alleles and the pancreatic beta-cell function in IDDM patients in a trial to use it in clinical evaluation. 22 IDDM patients were studied and 10 healthy individuals of matched age and sex as control group. The patients were further subclassified into 13 patients with residual beta-cell function and 9 patients without residual beta-cell function. Statistical analysis of our results concluded that: DRB1 0304 allele has significant correlation with susceptibility to IDDM [being more common in 25% of patients than in controls 0%]. On the other hand, DRB1 0701 allele was found to be a protective allele against IDDM [segregated more frequently in controls 20% and abscent in patients 0%]. As regard DQA1 and DQBl alleles; the DQA1 0101 alleles has significant correlation with IDDM susceptibility [being more frequent in patients 22.7% and abscent in controls 0%]. Similarly, the DQBl 0201 allele was the most diabetogenic allele more frequent in patients 43.2% than in controls 5%, On the other hand DQA1 0102 and DQA1 0103 alleles are protective alleles against IDDM [segregated more frequently in controls 30% and 15% respectively and abscent in patients 0%]. Also DQBl 0601 allele is protective against IDDM [significantly more in controls 25% than in patients 4.5%]

Association between Korean Schizophrenics and HLA-DRB1 Alleles / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVE: A genetic predisposition is widely accepted in schizophrenia. This study was intended to find any association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with Korean schizophrenics and thereby compare the results of other ethnic groups. METHODS: The subjects were 70 unrelated Korean patients. Low and high resolution typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles were performed. The comparison groups were 2,000 unrelated healthy Koreans for low resolution HLA-DR and 229 unrelated healthy Koreans for HLA-DRB1 alleles. RESULTS: Gene frequencies of HLA-DR11(patients 9.0%, healthy control 3.8%, p=0.005) and HLA-DRB1*1101(patients 9.0%, healthy control 1.8%, p< .001) were significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of HLA-DR11 (HLA-DRB1*1101) is significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics than in healthy Koreans. HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1, which were known to be associated with Caucasian and Japanese schizophrenics, respectively, did not show statistical association with Korean schizophrenics. This association need to be reassured through further studies with families or association study with larger numbers of subjects.

Expresión del antígeno HLA-DR1 en el infiltrado inflamatorio de carcinomas de piel y su relación con linfocitos T / Expression of HLA-DR1 antigen in skin carcinomas and its relation with T-Lymphocytes

Se empleó un método inmunohistoenzimático anticuerpos monoclonales IOR para estudiar in situ la expresión del antígeno HLA-DR1 en el infiltrado inflamatorio de carcinomas de piel y relacionarlo con la presencia de linfocitos T en éste. Se clasificaron los casos según el informe de Anatomía Patológica en 50 carcinomas de células basales y 30 epidermoides. No se encontró diferencia significativa en la expresión de HLA-DR1 al comparar ambos carcinomas. Se encontró relación entre la cantidad de células que expresan HLA-DR1 y de linfocitos T CD6+, CD3+ y CD2+ en ambos tumores y la subpoblación CD4+ en el epidermoide. La cantidad de CD8+ resultó escasa en todos los casos

Genotipagem na artrite reumatóide, Alelos HLA-Classe II: HLA-DRB1 *0102 associados á sucetibilidade e HLA-DRB1 *0401 e 0404 associados á agressividade / Genotyping in the rheumatoid arthritis, Alelos HLA-class II: HLA-DRB1 *0102 associated to the susceptibility and HLA-DRB1 *0401 and 0404 associated to aggressiveness

A associaçäo de antígenos de histocompatibilidade com artrite reumatóide (AR) vem sendo demonstrada em inúmeros estudos. A principal associaçäo em populaçäo caucasóide é como HLA-DR4, contudo, também vem sendo observada com HLA-DR4 está mais associado com a gravidade do que com suscetibilidade. Com a introduçäo das técnicas de biologia molecular foi possível determinar que, os substipos do HLA-DR4, relacionados com AR, säo os alelos HLA-DRB1 *0401, 0404 e 0405, que estäo mais associados á gravidade da doença do que com a suscetibilidade. Em alguns estudos verificou-se, também os subtipos do HLA-DR1 associados com a doença säo os alelos HLA-DRB1 *0101 e *0102. Os propósitos deste estudo foram analisar a frequência dos antígenos HLA-DR, identificar os alelos específicos do HLA-DRB1, determinar sua frequência, correlacionar estes alelos com as manifestaçöes clínicas e laboratoriais e caracterizar aqueles que podem predizer o padräo evolutivo da AR em pacientes causasóides.

Lack of association between paracoccidioidomycosis and HLA histocompatibility antigens

Foi realizado um estudo de associaçäo HLA e doença, onde 40 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) e, 80 indivíduos brancos, clinicamente saudáveis, usados como controles, foram tipados para os antígenos HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DR e - DQ. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma associaçäo positiva dos antígenos HLA-A1 (P = 0.050), -A3 (P = 0.014), -B8 (P = 0.014), -Cw7 (P = 0.020), - DQw2 (P = 0.014) e DQw3 (P = 0.019) nos pacientes e uma associaçäo negativa dos antígenos HLA-Cw3 (P = 0.032), -DR1 (P = 0.019) e -DQw1 (P = 0.003) no mesmo grupo, comparados aos controles e, sem correçäo pelo número de antígenos testados (50). Os resultados sugerem uma fraca associaçäo destes antígenos HLA com a doença, uma vez que outros fatores podem também estar influenciando na susceptibilidade genética à PCM. Se corrigido o valor de P, segundo Svejgaard e Ryder (HLA and disease, J, Dausset and A. Svejgaard, eds., 1977), nenhuma associaçäo é demonstrada neste estudo